Shell ne tube heat exchanger (STHE), mfiri a wɔde sesa ɔhyew a wɔde di dwuma kɛse wɔ mfiridwuma mu no mu biako, wɔ nhyehyɛe a ɛsen abien-a wɔayɛ ama "shell fã" (baabi a nsu sen kɔ shell ne tube bundle ntam) ne "tube side" (baabi a nsu sen wɔ tube bundle no mu) nyinaa. Bere a mfaso titiriw a ɛwɔ so no gyina sɛnea ɛgyina pintinn, sɛnea ɛtumi sesa, na wotumi de ho to so no, anohyeto ahorow bi wɔ hɔ esiane nhyehyɛe no su nti. Saa nhwehwɛmu yi bɛhwehwɛ saa ahoɔden ne mmerɛwyɛ ahorow yi mu kɔ akyiri, a dwumadie ho nsɛm pɔtee bi bɛkyerɛ wɔn dwumadie ahyeɛ:
Mfaso titiriw: Ɛfata ma mfiridwuma tebea horow a ɛyɛ den, ahotoso a emu yɛ den
Mfaso a ɛwɔ shell ne tube heat exchangers so no fi ne structure design a ɛyɛ den ne mature manufacturing process, titiriw fata ma nhyɛso a ɛkɔ soro, ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro, flow kɛse ne adwumayɛ tebea afoforo a emu yɛ den, a wobetumi abɔ no mua sɛ nsɛntitiriw 5:
1. Nhyɛso a ɛkorɔn ne ɔhyew a ɛkorɔn a wotumi gyina ano, nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ den
Wɔayɛ shell tube type shell (mpɛn pii no carbon dade, stainless dade anaa alloy nneɛma) ne ɔhyew exchange tube (te sɛ seamless dade paipu, stainless dade paipu) no yɛ nea wɔayɛ no ɔfasu a ɛyɛ den, a ebetumi agyina adwumayɛ nhyɛso a ɛkɔ soro (ɛboro 30MPa) ne ɔhyew a ɛtrɛw (-200℃~1000℃), na ɛnyɛ mmerɛw sɛ ɛbɛsakra esiane nhyɛso anaasɛ ɔhyew a ɛma obi ho dwiriw no.
Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ petrochemical adwumayɛ mu no, shell ne tube heat exchangers a wɔde di dwuma wɔ catalytic cracking units mu no tumi gyina ɔhyew a ɛkorɔn a ɛboro 400℃ne nhyɛso a ɛboro 10MPa ano bere tenten, na adwumayɛ a entumi nyɛ adwuma no sua sen ɔhyew exchangers ahorow afoforo (te sɛ plate heat exchangers).
2. Kɛse processing flow, a ɛfata ma industrial scale ahwehwɛde
Wobetumi ayɛ tube bundle no sɛ "multi-tube process" (te sɛ 2-process, 4-process), na shell nhyehyɛe no betumi ama nsu a wɔkyekyɛ no yiye denam baffle plates so. Ɔhyew a wɔde fa afiri biako mu no betumi adu mita mpempem pii ahinanan, a ebetumi adi ɔhyew a wɔde fa nsu akɛse a ɛsen mu (te sɛ condenser a ɛwɔ anyinam ahoɔden adwumayɛbea ne nsu a ɛma onwini a wɔde sesa ɔhyew a wɔsesa wɔ frigye nhyehyɛe akɛse mu) ho ahwehwɛde ahorow ho dwuma.
Ntotoho: mprɛte ɔhyew sesa no anohyeto wɔ mprɛte beae, ɔhyew sesa beae a ɛsen biara wɔ unit biako mu mpɛn pii no ntra 1000m2, bere a shell ne tube betumi abubu ntɛmntɛm afa 5000m2, a ɛfata kɛse ma akɛse-scale mfiridwuma tebea horow te sɛ nnuruyɛ adwumayɛ ne anyinam ahoɔden.
3. Nsuo a ɛtumi sesa no trɛw, ɛne nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ a ɛyɛ den hyia
Wobetumi de adi dwuma de adi viscosity a ɛkorɔn, nneɛma nketenkete kakraa bi ne nsu a ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛka no ho dwuma (ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde ka nhyehyɛe soronko ho, te sɛ ɔhyew sesa tube a ne kɛse yɛ kɛse, anti-clogging baffle):
Wɔ nsu a ɛyɛ nwini (te sɛ ngo a wɔmfa nhyehyɛ mu, ngo a wɔde srade srade) fam no, shell side baffle no betumi abubu nsu hye so na ɛtew nea ɛkora so no so;
Wɔ nsuo a nneɛma nketenkete a ɛyɛ den wom (te sɛ pulp, nsuo fĩ) ho no, wobɛtumi apaw paipu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛyɛ φ25mm anaa nea ɛboro saa na woakwati sɛ ɛbɛsiw;
Ɛnyɛ den sɛ nneɛma nketenkete anaa nsu a ɛyɛ nnam besiw mprɛte ɔhyew sesa no kwan esiane nsonsonoe ketewaa a ɛda mprɛte no ntam (mpɛn pii no 2 ~ 5mm) nti, na sɛnea ɛsakra no sua koraa sen nea ɛwɔ akorade ne afiri mu.
4. Nsiesie ho ka a ɛba fam ne nsiesie a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse
Wobetumi ayi ɔhyew sesa nneɛma dodow no ara a ɛwɔ akorade ne afiri mu (te sɛ ti a ɛsensɛn nsuo mu, U-tube su) afiri mu koraa, sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛtumi de mfiri asiesie afiri ne akoradeɛ no (te sɛ nsuo a ɛyɛ nhyɛsoɔ kɛseɛ-ahohoro) anaasɛ wɔbɛsesa ɔhyew sesa nsuo a asɛe, a wɔrenpaapae mfiri no nyinaa mu
Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔhwɛ adwumakuw bi a wɔyɛ nnuru a ɛma onwini no so asram asia biara. Floating head shell tube no hia nnafua 1-2 pɛ na ama wɔawie tube bundle no yiyi, ahotew na wɔasan de asi hɔ, bere a plate heat exchanger no hia sɛ wɔpaapae mprɛte ɔhaha pii, na nsiesie kyinhyia no yɛ nnafua 3-5.
5. Mature adwinnan nhyehyɛe ne controllable ɛka
Nneɛma titiriw a ɛwɔ shell ne tube mu (shell, tube bundle, tube sheet) yɛ standardized processing, enhia sɛ wɔyɛ nkuku a ɛyɛ den, na nneɛma a wɔpaw no yɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw (carbon steel, stainless steel, titanium alloy, ne nea ɛkeka ho), sɛnea adwumayɛ tebea horow no kyerɛ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛne nhyehyɛe a ɛho ka yɛ den sen biara no hyia
Ntotoho: compact ɔhyew exchangers (te sɛ spiral plate, plate shell) taa yɛ 20% ~ 50% soronko wɔ manufacturing ka mu sen shell ne tube ɔhyew exchangers a ɛwɔ ɔhyew transfer beae koro no ara esiane wɔn nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ den ne dodow a ɛkorɔn a wɔayɛ no sɛnea wɔpɛ nti.
Mfomso atitiriw: adwumayɛ a etu mpɔn ne ahunmu a wɔmfa nni dwuma pii, ne nsakrae a anohyeto wom tebea horow
Mfomsoɔ a ɛwɔ shell ne tube so no firi ne su a ɛne "non-akoradeɛ nsuo a ɛsen pɛpɛɛpɛ" ne "relatively loose structure", a ɛwɔ sintɔ ahodoɔ a ɛda adi pefee wɔ tebea ahodoɔ a ɛhia kɛseɛ wɔ ɔhyew a wɔde kɔ baabi foforɔ yie ne ahunmu dwumadie ho. Ne titiriw no, yebetumi abɔ no mua sɛ nsɛntitiriw 4:
1. Ɔhyew a wɔde fa nneɛma so yiye a ɛba fam ne ahoɔden a wɔde di dwuma kɛse kakra
Nsuo a ɛwɔ akoradeɛ no fã no, baffle no siw ano, a ɛnyɛ den sɛ ɛbɛyɛ "beae a awu" (beae a nsuo no sie), na nsuo a ɛsen no taa yɛ ketewa sene deɛ ɛwɔ tube afã no (mpɛn pii no 0.5~2m/s), na ɛde ɔhyeɛ a ɛkɔ akoradeɛ no fã no mu nsuo a ɛba fam ba (bere a nsuo{2}}nsuo mu ɔhyeɛ sesa no, ɔhyeɛ a ɛkɔ baabi foforɔ no nyinaa bɛyɛ 1000~3000 W/(m2· abodin krataa ));
Ntotoho: mprɛte ɔhyew exchanger efisɛ nsu a ɛda mprɛte ntam no yɛ basabasa (flow rate 1 ~ 3m / s), ɔhyew transfer coefficient nyinaa betumi adu 3000 ~ 6000 W / (m2·℃), wɔ ɔhyew nsakrae ahwehwɛde koro no ara ase, shell ne tube ahoɔden a wɔde di dwuma no yɛ 15% ~ 30% korɔn sen mprɛte.
2. Kɛse kɛse ne baabi a wɔde di dwuma kakraa bi
Esiane sɛ ɔhyew a wɔde kɔ baabi foforo no sua nti, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobenya ɔhyew a wɔde sesa ade koro no ara no, shell ne tube hia ɔhyew sesa beae kɛse, na ɛde mfiri no dodow ne emu duru yɛ kɛse kɛse sen ɔhyew sesa a ɛyɛ ketewaa no
Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobenya ɔhyew a wɔde fa adesoa a ɛyɛ 1000kW no, akorade ne afiri no dodow bɛyɛ 20 ~ 30m3, bere a mprɛte no hia 5 ~ 8m3 pɛ, enti akorade ne afiri no mfata mma tebea horow a ɛwɔ ahunmu (te sɛ nnuru dan a ɛho tew, hyɛn mu ɔhyew sesa nhyehyɛe).
3. Shell cleaning yɛ den na ɛnyɛ den sɛ scale up adwumayɛ
Ɛwom sɛ wobetumi ayi tube bundle no de, nanso ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛhohoro akorade no mu koraa (titiriw ɔkwan a ɛda baffle no ne shell no ntam, ne baabi ketewaa a ɛda tube bundles no ntam). Sɛ wɔyɛ nsuo a ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛbɔ (te sɛ nsuo a ɛyɛ den ne efĩ-a ɛwɔ nsuo a wɔde yɛ adwuma) ho adwuma a, nsenia a ɛwɔ akoradeɛ no mu no bɛyɛ den na ɔhyew a wɔde fa so no so bɛtew (ɔhyeɛ a wɔde fa so no so bɛtew 10%~15% wɔ 1mm biara a ɛbɛkɔ soro wɔ nsenia no mu duru mu)
Ntotoho: all-welded plate heat exchanger no ntumi nyɛ dead space cleaning biara wɔ shell no mu denam CIP (online cleaning) nhyehyɛe so, na scaling haw no sua koraa sen shell tube type no.
4. Limited thermal compensation tumi ne ɛfata range of ɔhyew nsonsonoe
Wɔ fixed tube sheet shell ne tube type (nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sen biara) mu no, wɔde tube sheet no bata shell no ho denneennen. Sɛ ɔhyew nsonsonoe a ɛda tube flow ne shell flow ntam no yɛ kɛse dodo (te sɛ nea ɛboro 50℃), tube shell no bɛma ɔhyew nhyɛso aba esiane ɔhyew ntrɛwmu nsusuwii ahorow nti, a ebetumi ama tube krataa no asɛe anaasɛ ɔhyew sesa tube no atɔ, enti ɛho hia sɛ wɔde "ntrɛwmu nkwaa" si hɔ de tua ka
Ɛwom sɛ floating head type ne U-tube type betumi adi ɔhaw a ɛfa thermal compensation ho dwuma de, nanso nhyehyɛe no yɛ den kɛse (ɛka no kɔ soro 15%~20%), na tube course a ɛwɔ U-tube type no ho a wɔbɛtew no yɛ den (wontumi nka U-tube no mu fã).
Nsɛm a Wɔaboaboa Ano: Nsɛm tebea horow a ɛfata na ɛkyerɛ nea wɔbɛpaw
Shell ne tube heat exchanger nyɛ "all-purpose equipment", ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde ne paw no ka adwumayɛ tebea a ɛho hia ho:
● Nsɛm a ɛfa nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wopaw ho:nhyɛso a ɛkɔ soro ne ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro (te sɛ petrochemical reaction heat exchange), nsu a ɛsen kɛse (te sɛ power plant condenser), nsu a ɛyɛ particle/high viscosity fluid (te sɛ pulp cooling), mfiridwuma mu tebea horow a ɛho hia sɛ wosiesie no yiye;
● Paw baabi a wobɛkɔ no yiye:baabi a ɛyɛ kakraa bi (te sɛ adwumayɛbea a ɛho tew), ahoɔden a wɔmfa nni dwuma pii a wɔhwehwɛ (te sɛ ɔmanfo ɔhyew), ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛsesa na wɔtaa siesie (te sɛ aduan ne anonne a wɔde sterilization) scenes (plate, spiral plate ne ɔhyew sesa nneɛma afoforo a ɛyɛ ketewaa a wɔkamfo kyerɛ kɛse).
Ne tiawa mu no, shell ne tube ɔhyew sesafo yɛ "agodifo a wotumi de ho to wɔn so" wɔ mfiridwuma mu na wontumi nsi ananmu wɔ adwumayɛ tebea horow a emu yɛ den na emu yɛ den mu, nanso ɛsɛ sɛ wɔma kwan ma ɔhyew sesa mfiri a ɛfata kɛse wɔ mmɔdenbɔ a ɛkorɔn ne nea ɛyɛ ketewaa akyi.
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